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您了解或者接触过多少种表面处理工艺呢?不多也不用着急,咱们今天就分享21种,十分过瘾,动图展示辅助我们了解,看后长知识。
Micro-arc oxidation又称微等离子体氧化,是通过电解液与相应电参数的组合,在铝、镁、钛及其合金表面依靠弧光放电产生的瞬时高温高压作用,生长出以基体金属氧化物为主的陶瓷膜层。
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动图来源YouTube
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Brushed Metal是通过研磨产品在工件表面形成线纹,起到装饰效果的一种表面处理手段。
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Burning blue是将整个胎体填满色釉后,再拿到炉温大约800℃的高炉中烘烧,色釉由砂粒状固体熔化为液体,待冷却后成为固着在胎体上的绚丽的色釉,此时色釉低于铜丝高度,所以得再填一次色釉,再经烧结,一般要连续四五次,直至将纹样内填到与掐丝纹相平。
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Shot Peening即使用丸粒轰击工件表面并植入残余压应力,提升工件疲劳强度的冷加工工艺。
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动图来源YouTube
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Sandblasting是利用高速砂流的冲击作用清理和粗化基体表面的过程,即采用压缩空气为动力,以形成高速喷射束将喷料(铜矿砂、石英砂、金刚砂、铁砂、海南砂)高速喷射到需要处理的工件表面,使工件表面的外表面的外表或形状发生变化。
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Etching是将材料使用化学反应或物理撞击作用而移除的技术。通常所指蚀刻也称光化学蚀刻,指通过曝光制版、显影后,将要蚀刻区域的保护膜去除,在蚀刻时接触化学溶液,达到溶解腐蚀的作用,形成凹凸或者镂空成型的效果。
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动图来源YouTube
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IMD即In-Mold Decoration(模内装饰技术),亦称免涂装技术,是国际风行的表面装饰技术,表面硬化透明薄膜,中间印刷图案层,背面注塑层,油墨中间,可使产品耐摩擦,防止表面被刮花,并可长期保持颜色的鲜明不易退色。
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动图来源YouTube
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OMD模外装饰(Out Mold Decoration)简称,是视觉、触觉、功能整合展现,IMD延伸之装饰技术,是一种结合印刷、纹理结构及金属化特性的3D表面装饰技术。
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动图来源YouTube
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Laser Engraving也叫激光雕刻或者激光打标,是一种用光学原理进行表面处理的工艺。利用镭射(laser)光束在物质表面或是透明物质内部雕刻出永久的印记。
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EDM(EDM)是利用浸在工作液中的两极间脉冲放电时产生的电蚀作用蚀除导电材料的特种加工方法,又称放电加工或电蚀加工,英文简称EDM。工具电极常用导电性良好、熔点较高、易加工的耐电蚀材料,如铜、石墨、铜钨合金和钼等。在加工过程中,工具电极也有损耗,但小于工件金属的蚀除量,甚至接近于无损耗。
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动图来源YouTube
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Laser Texturing用高能量密度激光与钢材表面反应处理,形成蛇皮、蚀纹、梨地或其它形式的纹路。
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Pad Printing属于特种印刷方式之一,即采用钢(或者铜、热塑型塑料)凹版,利用硅橡胶材料制成的曲面移印头,将凹版上的油墨蘸到移印头的表面,然后往需要的对象表面压一下就能够印出文字、图案等。
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Screen printing是将丝织物、合成纤维织物或金属丝网绷在网框上,采用手工刻漆膜或光化学制版的方法制作丝网印版。现代丝网印刷技术,则是利用感光材料通过照相制版的方法制作丝网印版(使丝网印版上图文部分的丝网孔为通孔,而非图文部分的丝网孔被堵住)。印刷时通过刮板的挤压,使油墨通过图文部分的网孔转移到承印物上,形成与原稿一样的图文。
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Direct thermal printing是指将热敏剂涂于纸上,使其成为热敏记录纸,热敏记录纸在热的作用下,使物质(显色剂)发生物理或化学性质变化而得到图像的一种方法。
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动图来源YouTube
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Thermal transfer其原理是将数位图案透过印表机以特制转印墨水印在转印专用纸上,再以专用转印机,高温高压地将图案精准的转印到商品表面,完成商品印制。
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动图来源YouTube
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平版印刷由于平版印刷上的图文部分与非图文部分处于同一个平面上,在印刷时,为了能使油墨区分印版的图案部分还是非图案部分,利用油水分离的原理,首先由印版部件的供水装置向印版的非图文部分供水,从而保护了印版的非图文部分不受油墨的浸湿。然后,由印刷部件的供墨装置向印版供墨,由于印版的非图文部分受到水的保护,因此,油墨只能供到印版的图文部分。最后是将印版上的油墨转移到乳皮上,再利用橡皮滚轮与压印滚筒之间的压力,将乳皮上的油墨转移到承印物上,完成一次印刷,所以,平版印刷是一种间接的印刷方式。
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Curved surface printing是先将油墨放入雕刻有文字或图案凹版内,随后将文字或图案复印到曲面上,再利用曲面将文字或图案转印至成型品表面,最后通过热处理或紫外线光照射等方法使油墨固化。
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Hot stamping俗称“烫金”,是指在精装书封壳的封一或封四及书背部分烫上色箔等材料的文字和图案,或用热压方法压印上各种凸凹的书名或花纹。
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Water transfer printing是利用水压将带彩色图案的转印纸、塑料膜进行高分子水解的一种印刷。工艺流程包括水转印花纸的制作,花纸浸泡,图案转贴,干燥,成品。
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Flat screen printing,印花模具是固定在方形架上并具有镂空花纹的涤纶或锦纶筛网(花版)。花版上花纹处可以透过色浆,无花纹处则以高分子膜层封闭网眼。印花时,花版紧压织物,花版上盛色浆,用刮刀往复刮压,使色浆透过花纹到达织物表面。
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Calendering又称压光。重革整理的最后一道工序。利用纤维在混热条件下的可塑性将织物表面轧平或轧出平行的细密斜线,以增进织物光泽的整理过程。材料被送入之后,加热并熔化,然后成形为片或膜,然后冷却并卷起。最常用压延材料是聚氯乙烯。
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原文始发于微信公众号(雾化科技展):Summary of 21 surface treatment processes