电子烟感官评价指南（三）：如何应对感官评价中的嗅觉疲劳

摘要:

本期文章继续讨论电子烟感官评价中嗅觉疲劳的产生与应对策略。嗅觉疲劳可能由离子通道关闭和受体饱和两个方面引起。缓解嗅觉疲劳的核心是“解放被占用的嗅觉受体”，可通过在无气味环境中评吸、呼吸新鲜空气和喝水等方法实现。文章还提及了嗅闻羊毛球和自己皮肤气味可能有助于缓解嗅觉疲劳，但未作评价。

上期文章介绍了“电子烟感官评价中有关气味感知和嗅觉疲劳”的相关内容，阅读本期之前，强烈建议先了解一下上期内容哦 ↓↓↓

    电子烟感官评价指南（二）：气味感知与嗅觉疲劳

    本期将继续与大家一起了解电子烟感官评价中嗅觉疲劳的产生与应对的相关内容。该系列将继续全面、深入地展开电子烟感官评价的相关内容，敬请关注。

Topic 3  感官评价中嗅觉疲劳的产生与应对

（1）了解嗅觉 (Olfactory) （上期内容）

（2）嗅觉疲劳 (Olfactory Fatigue) 的产生

    嗅觉疲劳的产生大致可以从2个方面理解：

    1、离子通道关闭    

    发表在国际期刊“science”的一篇经典论文（Facilitation of Calmodulin-Mediated Odor Adaptation by cAMP-Gated Channel Subunits）认为，气味感知的发生过程中，钙离子通过钙调蛋白对环核苷酸门控离子通道进行调控。那么，简而言之，当我们正常评吸电子烟时，离子通道正常打开（假设此时100份化学信号转化为了100份电信号）；当我们进行大量评吸时，过量的钙离子会通过钙调蛋白对环核苷酸门控离子通道进行负调控，促使离子通道关闭（此时100份化学信号只能转化为极少的电信号或不能转化为电信号），进而导致大脑无法形成气味感知。

    2、受体饱和

    气味分子需要通过与气味受体结合才能够将化学信号转化为电信号，如果短时间内进行大量抽吸，人体的气味受体已经饱和，无法再与更多的气味分子进行结合，自然无法持续形成气味感知。

​（3）如何应对感官评价中的嗅觉疲劳

对于缓解嗅觉疲劳，核心就是“解放被占用的嗅觉受体”。

    1、在无气味的环境下进行感官评价。

    大多数的电子烟感官评价都是在调香室内进行的，调香师在气味混杂的调香室完成调配，已经处于一定程度的嗅觉疲劳状态。切换一间无气味的房间（评吸场地的选择和布置将单独设置一期文章进行说明），短暂休息后再进行评吸，将大大提升感官评价的准确性。许多电子烟调香师都注意到了这一点，但很难做出改变。

    2、呼吸新鲜空气。

    在完成一组评吸后，呼吸新鲜空气，并休息2-3分钟，再进行下一组评吸，简单有效，但在实践中能做到的人却非常少。

    3、喝水（温水最佳）。

    评吸后，大量的甜味剂、凉味剂和少量的气味化合物依然会残留在我们的口腔和呼吸道当中；温水可以溶解舌部及口腔残留的甜味剂、PG、VG等，同时也能减缓尼古丁和凉味剂等对喉部带来的刺激感，利于使口腔和呼吸道恢复到正常状态。

    此外，有说法认为嗅闻羊毛球可以有效缓解嗅觉疲劳，因为羊毛脂和羊毛中的蜡质成分吸收并中和了气味分子，提供了大脑需要的“无气味呼吸”；还有说法认为嗅闻自己皮肤的气味，可以使嗅觉“恢复出厂设置”。笔者不对这两种方法作出评价，在此列出供读者参考。

    我们的嗅觉是非常直接的感觉器官，缓解嗅觉疲劳的方法也非常简单直接。本文提到的3种方法均是大家平时经常使用的，希望大家多多留意这些细节，这将帮助大家大大提升工作表现。

The previous article introduced "odor perception and olfactory fatigue in electronic cigarette sensory evaluation." Before reading this issue, it is strongly recommended to understand the previous content by following the link below ↓↓↓

Electronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide (Part Two): Odor Perception and Olfactory Fatigue

This issue will continue to explore with everyone the causes and countermeasures of olfactory fatigue in electronic cigarette sensory evaluation. The series will continue to unfold the related content of electronic cigarette sensory evaluation comprehensively and in-depth, so please stay tuned.

Topic 3: The Generation and Countermeasures of Olfactory Fatigue in Sensory Evaluation

(1) Understanding Olfactory (Olfactory) (Content from the previous issue)

(2) The Generation of Olfactory Fatigue (Olfactory Fatigue)

The generation of olfactory fatigue can be understood from two aspects:

1. Ion Channel Closure

A classic paper published in the international journal "Science" (Facilitation of Calmodulin-Mediated Odor Adaptation by cAMP-Gated Channel Subunits) suggests that during the process of odor perception, calcium ions regulate cAMP-gated ion channels through calmodulin. In simple terms, when we normally evaluate electronic cigarettes, the ion channels are open (assuming that 100 chemical signals are converted into 100 electrical signals); when we evaluate a large number of samples, excess calcium ions negatively regulate the cAMP-gated ion channels through calmodulin, leading to the closure of ion channels (at this time, 100 chemical signals can only be converted into very few electrical signals or cannot be converted into electrical signals), which prevents the brain from forming odor perception.

2. Receptor Saturation

Odor molecules need to bind with olfactory receptors to convert chemical signals into electrical signals. If a large number of puffs are taken in a short period of time, the body's olfactory receptors are already saturated and cannot bind with more odor molecules, naturally preventing the continuous formation of odor perception.

(3) How to Counteract Olfactory Fatigue in Sensory Evaluation

To alleviate olfactory fatigue, the core is to "liberate the occupied olfactory receptors."

1. Conduct sensory evaluation in an odorless environment.

Most electronic cigarette sensory evaluations are conducted in a fragrance room, where perfumers complete the blending in an odor-mixed fragrance room, already in a state of some olfactory fatigue. Switching to an odorless room (the choice and arrangement of the evaluation site will be explained in a separate article), and taking a short rest before continuing the evaluation, will significantly improve the accuracy of the sensory evaluation. Many electronic cigarette perfumers have noticed this point but find it difficult to change.

2. Breathe fresh air.

After completing a set of evaluations, breathe fresh air and rest for 2-3 minutes before proceeding to the next set. This is simple and effective, but very few people can actually practice it.

3. Drink water (warm water is best).

After evaluating, a large amount of sweeteners, cooling agents, and a small amount of odor compounds still remain in our oral cavity and respiratory tract; warm water can dissolve the sweeteners, PG, VG, etc., remaining on the tongue and in the mouth, and can also reduce the irritation of nicotine and cooling agents to the throat, helping the oral cavity and respiratory tract return to a normal state.

Additionally, there are claims that smelling a wool ball can effectively relieve olfactory fatigue because the lanolin and waxy components in the wool absorb and neutralize odor molecules, providing the brain with the "odorless breath" it needs; there are also claims that smelling one's skin can reset the olfactory to "factory settings." The author does not evaluate these two methods, listing them here for readers' reference.

Our sense of smell is a very direct sensory organ, and the methods to alleviate olfactory fatigue are also very simple and direct. The three methods mentioned in this article are commonly used by everyone, and paying attention to these details will help greatly improve work performance.

    本期与大家一起了解了如何应对电子烟感官评价中的嗅觉疲劳。

    关于电子烟感官评价，如有感兴趣的话题，请后台留言，本系列将持续更新。

    原创产品，制作不易，转载请注明出处。感谢各位的订阅和支持！

    越多点赞，越多订阅，越多优质内容~~ 欢迎催更！！

原文始发于微信公众号（雾化探秘）：电子烟感官评价指南（三）：如何应对感官评价中的嗅觉疲劳